Paradigms or Meta-Theories (Worldviews)

This category covers paradigms (meta-theories)—high-level “theories about theorising” that sit above individual theories. They explain how knowledge is produced and justified, what counts as evidence, and how reality is understood. These worldviews (for example, positivism, interpretivism, pragmatism, critical theory, and systems thinking) shape which kinds of theories you use and how you interpret findings.

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